Track 24: Molecular Pathology

 

🧬 Introduction

Molecular Pathology is revolutionizing how we understand, diagnose, and treat disease. Unlike traditional pathology, which relies primarily on microscopic examination, molecular pathology investigates disease at the genetic, molecular, and cellular levels. It combines elements of genomics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and bioinformatics, playing a central role in the era of personalized and precision medicine.

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🔍 What is Molecular Pathology?

Molecular Pathology involves the study and diagnosis of disease using molecular tools—DNA, RNA, and proteins. It focuses on understanding molecular signatures of diseases to identify mutations, gene rearrangements, and expression patterns that contribute to the development and progression of illnesses.

📚 Types & Applications

1. Cancer Genomics

·         Identifying oncogenes and tumor suppressor gene mutations

·         Companion diagnostics for targeted therapies (e.g., EGFR, KRAS, BRAF)

2. Infectious Disease Detection

·         PCR and real-time PCR for detecting pathogens (e.g., HPV, COVID-19, HIV)

·         Viral load monitoring and resistance mutations

3. Inherited Genetic Disorders

·         Prenatal and neonatal genetic screening

·         BRCA1/BRCA2 testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer

4. Pharmacogenomics

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·         Understanding how genetics influence drug response

·         Optimizing treatment plans based on individual profiles

5. Epigenetics and Methylation Analysis

·         Exploring gene regulation beyond DNA sequence

·         Detecting abnormal methylation in cancer and neurological diseases

 

🧫 Techniques in Molecular Pathology

·         Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

·         Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)

·         Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)

·         Microarrays

  • Microarrays
  • Sanger Sequencing
  • RT-PCR and qPCR
  • Digital Droplet PCR (ddPCR)

 

⚠️ Challenges & Considerations

  • High cost of advanced molecular diagnostics
  • Interpretation complexity in multi-gene testing
  • Need for specialized training in bioinformatics and genomic data
  • Ethical concerns in genetic testing and patient consent
  • Data storage and security in genomic medicine

 

🌟 Conclusion

Molecular Pathology stands at the forefront of diagnostic innovation. It empowers clinicians with deeper insights, enables early and accurate diagnoses, and paves the way for customized treatment strategies. As healthcare shifts toward precision medicine, this discipline becomes more critical than ever.

The 15th Emirates Pathology, Digital Pathology & Cancer Conference invites you to participate in discussions, workshops, and research presentations under this exciting track. Discover how molecular advances are transforming healthcare outcomes worldwide.

 

 

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